Agroforestry and Reforestation for Improved Livelihoods and Ecosystem Services
Type: Technologies
Creation: 2024-05-28 03:52 Updated: 2024-12-03 12:04
Compilers: Siti Indriani
Reviewers: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment
- Country: Indonesia
- Region/ State/ Province: Bali
- Further specification of location (e.g. municipality, town, etc.), if relevant: Wanagiri, Northeast Bali
- Map: View Map
Description of the SLM Technology
Short description of the Technology
Approximately 20,000 hectares of degraded land is being rehabilitated land using assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting and agroforestry. The resultant secondary forests and agroforests will have high values for ecotourism, sequester substantial amounts of carbon, produce a range of in-demand commodities (e.g., coffee, spices), generate bioenergy, and offer improved ecosystem services.
Detailed description of the Technology
A partnership of local communities and governments is, in collaboration with international and national development organizations, donors and investors, rehabilitating approximately 20,000 hectares of degraded forest and agricultural land using assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting and agroforestry. The resultant secondary forests and agroforests will have high values for ecotourism, sequester substantial amounts of carbon, produce a range of in-demand commodities (e.g., coffee, spices), and generate bioenergy. They will also offer improved ecosystem services to Bali as a whole, which will be very valuable for the tourism industry, representing an opportunity for investment and payment for ecosystem services (PES).
In the first 20 hectares, around 1,600 trees were planted per hectare, consisting of Coffee Arabica Katimor and Local Avocado trees. In between, shrubs such as local cassava and root species already existed. The spacing followed recommendations from ICCRI (Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute) whereby 2-3 meters distance are placed in between coffee trees, with much further distances for the shade trees. For fertilization, local goat manure is primarily used and filled in the planting holes the size of 30cm x 30cm x 30cm.
Northeast Bali, Indonesia — which includes the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark — features approximately 135,000 ha of degraded land in the Government’s Forest Estate (‘Kawasan Hutan’), which is managed by the provincial government’s Forestry and Environment Agency (Dinas Kehutanan Dan Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Bali/DKLH).
The vegetation, soils and water resources are designated as ‘potentially’ to ‘very severely’ degraded on 463,500 hectares. This is steadily increasing owing to unsustainable forestry and farming practices. Local communities within and surrounding the Kawasan Hutan — among the poorest in Bali — are affected by droughts, flash floods, landslides and poor water quality.
The Geopark in Northeast Bali was established in 2012 on the active volcanic landscape of Mt Batur, which features not only unique and dramatic geological formations, protected forests and endemic flora and fauna but also 15 villages. Approximately 90% of the Geopark is classified as severely degraded owing to a lack of post-eruption rehabilitation and unsustainable farming practices. The Geopark received almost one million visitors in 2019.
The ten-year project will be implemented by a consortium consisting of Sustainability and Resilience Co. (a local NGO), Indonesian government (through DKLH), local university (Udayana), international research-in-development organization (CIFOR-ICRAF), specialist national research organizations, intergovernmental organization, larger private sector and investment partners, each bringing a specific set of skills and expertise.
The work will be carried out through four major components.
1. Establishment of a coordinated enabling environment through a multistakeholder forum of local governments, national and provincial government agencies, communities, larger private sector and project consortium members.
2. Co-designing and co-implementing models of integrated ecosystem and livelihoods restoration that suit local socio-economic and environmental conditions with staged expansion over the ten years.
3. Training communities, local small businesses and Government staff in co-design, establishment and management of restored, productive ecosystems and value chains.
4. Strengthening and further introducing partnerships between the community, public and private sectors in all aspects of the landscape, including co-developing and co-implementing an enabling investment environment for continuing financial flows.
Photos of the Technology
- 📍 Wanagiri, Bali, Indonesia
- 🗓 2024-04-06
- 📷 Fabian Wiropranoto